%
% Figure 1
%
u = [1 1]'
v = [-1 2]'
2 * u + v
u - 2 * v

% Plot them with arrow function.
% You can find the function separately in arrow.m;
% see Matlab/Octave->M files to download.

axis([-5,5,-5,5])
grid
hold on
arrow([0 0],u,'b',0.2)
arrow([0 0],v,'b',0.2)
arrow([0 0],2 * u + v,'r',0.2)
arrow([0 0],u - 2 * v,'r',0.2)
